Imbali ye-CNC yokucubungula iteknoloji, iCandelo 3: ukusuka kwi-workshop yefektri ukuya kwi-desktop

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Indlela yemveli mechanical, igumbi ubukhulu CNC oomatshini inguqu ukuya koomatshini desktop (ezifana Bantam izixhobo desktop CNC umatshini wokusila kunye Bantam izixhobo desktop PCB umatshini wokusila) kungenxa yophuhliso iikhompyutha zobuqu, microcontrollers kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.Ngaphandle kolu phuhliso, izixhobo zomatshini ezinamandla kunye ne-compact CNC azinakwenzeka namhlanje.

Ngo-1980, ukuvela kobunjineli bolawulo kunye nethayimthebhile yophuhliso lwenkxaso yombane kunye nekhompyuter.

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Ukuqala kwekhompyuter yakho

Kwi-1977, "i-microcomputers" ezintathu zakhululwa ngaxeshanye - i-Apple II, i-pet 2001 kunye ne-TRS-80 - ngoJanuwari 1980, iphephancwadi le-byte libhengeze ukuba "ixesha leekhompyutheni zomntu esenziwe esele lifikile".Ukuphuhliswa kweekhompyuter zobuqu kuye kwaphuculwa ngokukhawuleza ukusukela ngoko, xa ukhuphiswano phakathi kwe-apile kunye ne-IBM luqhuma kwaye lwahamba.

Ngo-1984, i-Apple yakhupha i-Macintosh yakudala, ikhompyutha yokuqala eveliswe ngobuninzi bemouse enomsebenzi womzobo (GUI).I-Macintosh iza ne-macpaint kunye ne-macwrite (ezisa i-WYSIWYG WYSIWYG izicelo).Kunyaka olandelayo, ngentsebenziswano ne-adobe, kwaphehlelelwa inkqubo entsha yemizobo, ibeka isiseko soyilo oluncediswa yikhompyutha (CAD) kunye nokuveliswa koncedo lwekhompyutha (CAM).

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Ukuphuhliswa kweCAD kunye neenkqubo zecam

Umlamli phakathi kwekhompyuter kunye nesixhobo somatshini weCNC ziinkqubo ezimbini ezisisiseko: iCAD kunye necam.Ngaphambi kokuba singene kwimbali emfutshane yazo zombini, nantsi isishwankathelo.

Iinkqubo zeCAD zixhasa ukudalwa kwedijithali, ukuguqulwa, kunye nokwabelana ngezinto ze-2D okanye ze-3D.Inkqubo yekhamera ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe izixhobo, izixhobo, kunye nezinye iimeko zokusika imisebenzi.Njengenjineli, nokuba ugqibile wonke umsebenzi we-CAD kwaye uyazi imbonakalo yamacandelo owafunayo, umatshini wokungqusha akabazi ubungakanani okanye imilo ye-milling cutter ofuna ukuyisebenzisa, okanye iinkcukacha zobungakanani bakho bezinto eziphathekayo okanye uhlobo.

Inkqubo yecam isebenzisa imodeli eyenziwe yiNjineli kwiCAD ukubala ukuhamba kwesixhobo kwizinto eziphathekayo.Ezi zibalo zentshukumo, ezibizwa ngokuba ziindlela zesixhobo, ziveliswa ngokuzenzekelayo yinkqubo yekhamera ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle okukhulu.Ezinye iinkqubo zekhamera zanamhlanje zinokulinganisa kwiscreen ukuba umatshini usebenzisa isixhobo osikhethileyo ukusika izinto.Endaweni yokusika iimvavanyo kwizixhobo zoomatshini ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kunokonga ukunxiba kwesixhobo, ixesha lokucubungula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto.

Imvelaphi ye-CAD yanamhlanje inokulandelwa kwi-1957. Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiPronto ephuhliswe ngusosayensi wekhompyutha uPatrick J. Hanratty uqatshelwa njengoyise we-cad / cam.Ngo-1971, waphuhlisa inkqubo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ka-Adam, eyinkqubo yoyilo lomzobo esebenzisanayo, umzobo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa ebhalwe kwi-FORTRAN, ejolise kwiqonga elinqamlezayo lokuba namandla onke."Abahlalutyi bamashishini baqikelela ukuba i-70% yazo zonke iinkqubo ze-3-D zeMechanical cad / cam ezikhoyo namhlanje zinokulandelwa kwikhowudi yokuqala kaHanratty," yatsho iYunivesithi yaseCalifornia Irvine, apho waqhuba khona uphando ngelo xesha ".

Malunga nowe-1967, uPatrick J. Hanratty wazinikela kuyilo oluncediswa yikhompyutha lweekhompyutha zesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo (CADIC).

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Ngowe-1960, inkqubo yobuvulindlela yeSketchpad ka-Ivan Sutherland yaphuhliswa phakathi kweenkqubo ezimbini zikaHanratty, eyayiyinkqubo yokuqala yokusebenzisa ujongano olupheleleyo lomsebenzisi.

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Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-AutoCAD, eyasungulwa yi-Autodesk kwi-1982, yinkqubo yokuqala ye-CAD ye-2D ngokukodwa kwiikhomputha zomntu kunokuba iikhomputha eziphambili.Ngo-1994, i-AutoCAD R13 yenza inkqubo ihambelane noyilo lwe-3D.Kwi-1995, i-SolidWorks yakhululwa ngenjongo ecacileyo yokwenza i-CAD ukuyila lula kubaphulaphuli ababanzi, kwaye emva koko i-Autodesk Inventor yaqaliswa kwi-1999, eyaba yinto enembile.

Embindini we-1980, idemo ye-AutoCAD yegraphic edumileyo yabonisa inkqubo yethu yelanga kwi-1: 1 yeekhilomitha.Unako ukusondeza enyangeni kwaye ufunde i-plaque kwi-Apollo lunar lander.

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Akunakwenzeka ukuthetha malunga nokuphuhliswa koomatshini be-CNC ngaphandle kokuhlawula abadali be-software abazinikele ekunciphiseni umda wokungena woyilo lwedijithali kunye nokwenza ukuba kusebenze kuwo onke amanqanaba ezakhono.Okwangoku, i-Autodesk fusion 360 iphambili.(xa kuthelekiswa nesofthiwe efana ne-Mastercam, i-UGNX kunye ne-PowerMILL, le software ye-cad / cam enamandla ayizange ivulwe e-China.) "Isixhobo sokuqala se-3D CAD, i-cam kunye ne-CAE yohlobo lwayo, enokudibanisa yonke imveliso yakho yophuhliso. inkqubo kwiqonga elisekwe kwilifu elilungele iPC, iMAC kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo. ”Le mveliso inamandla yesoftware isimahla kubafundi, abafundisi-ntsapho, abaqalo abafanelekileyo kunye nabangabasafundanga.

Early compact CNC izixhobo zomatshini

Njengomnye woovulindlela kunye nookhokho be-compact CNC izixhobo zomatshini, iholo likaTed, umseki wezixhobo ze-shopbot, wayenguprofesa we-Neuroscience kwiYunivesithi yaseDuke.Ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla, uthanda ukwenza izikhephe zeplywood.Wakhangela isixhobo ekulula ukusika iplywood, kodwa kwanexabiso lokusebenzisa oomatshini bokungqusha beCNC ngelo xesha lalidlula i-50000 yeedola.Ngo-1994, wabonisa iqela labantu ilitye lokusila aliyilileyo kwindawo yakhe yokusebenzela, ngaloo ndlela eqalisa uhambo lwenkampani.

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Ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwidesktop: MTM snap

Ngo-2001, i-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) yaseka i-bit entsha kunye neziko le-athom, engudade weLebhu ye-MIT Media Laboratory, kwaye ikhokelwa ngumbono uNjingalwazi uNeil Gershenfeld.UGershenfeld uthathwa njengomnye wabaseki beFab Lab (iLebhu yokuVelisa).Ngenkxaso ye-US $ 13.75 yezigidi ngebhaso lophando lwethekhnoloji yolwazi evela kwiSiseko seSayensi yeSizwe, i-bit kunye ne-atom Centre (CBA) yaqala ukufuna uncedo lokudala uthungelwano lwesitudiyo esincinci ukubonelela uluntu ngezixhobo zokwenza idijithali zomntu.

Ngaphambi koko, kwi-1998, uGershenfeld wavula ikhosi ebizwa ngokuthi "indlela yokwenza (phantse) nantoni na" kwi-Massachusetts Institute of technology ukwazisa abafundi bezobugcisa kumashishini abiza kakhulu amashishini, kodwa ikhosi yakhe yatsala abafundi abavela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ubugcisa, ukuyila. kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo.Oku kube sisiseko senguqu yobuqu yemveliso yedijithali.

Enye yeeprojekthi ezizalwa yi-CBA ngoomatshini abenza (MTM), egxile kuphuhliso lweeprototypes ezikhawulezayo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwiilabhoratri zefektri ye-wafer.Omnye woomatshini abazalelwa kule projekthi ngumatshini wokugaya we-MTM snap desktop CNC owenziwe ngabafundi bewadi yaseJonathan, uNadya Peek noDavid Mellis ngo-2011. Ukusebenzisa iplastiki ye-HDPE ye-snap enzima (esikwe kwibhodi yokunqunqa ekhitshini) kwi-shopbot enkulu ye-CNC. umatshini wokusila, lo matshini wokusila we-3-axis uqhuba kwi-microcontroller ye-Arduino ebiza ixabiso eliphantsi, kwaye unokugaya ngokuchanekileyo yonke into ukusuka kwi-PCB ukuya kwi-foam kunye neenkuni.Ngexesha elifanayo, ifakwe kwi-desktop, ephathekayo kwaye ifikeleleke.

Ngelo xesha, nangona abanye abavelisi boomatshini bokungqusha be-CNC abanje nge-shopbot kunye ne-epilog babezama ukukhulula iinguqulelo zedesktop ezincinci nezingabizi kakhulu zoomatshini bokungqusha, zazisabiza kakhulu.
I-MTM snap ibonakala ngathi yinto yokudlala, kodwa itshintshe ngokupheleleyo i-desktop milling.

Ngomoya weFab Lab yokwenyani, iqela le-MTM snap lade labelana ngetyala labo lemathiriyeli ukuze uzenzele ngokwakho.

Kungekudala emva kokuyilwa kwe-MTM snap, ilungu leqela u-Jonathan wadi wasebenza kunye neenjineli uMike Estee kunye neForrest eluhlaza kunye nesazinzulu sezinto uDanielle applestone ukwenza iprojekthi exhaswa ngemali yi-DARPA ebizwa ngokuba ngumcebisi (uvavanyo lokuvelisa kunye nokukhuthaza) "ukusebenzela inkulungwane yama-21."

Iqela lasebenza kwi- otherlab e-San Francisco, ladibanisa kwaye laphinda lavavanya uyilo lwesixhobo somatshini we-MTM, ngenjongo yokuvelisa umatshini wokusila we-desktop we-CNC onexabiso elifanelekileyo, ukuchaneka kunye nokulula ukusetyenziswa.Bayibiza ngokuba yi- othermill, eyandulela umatshini wokusila we-Bantam we-desktop PCB.

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Ukuvela kwezizukulwana ezithathu zezinye ilitye

NgoMeyi, 2013, iqela lomnye umatshini Co. liqalise ngempumelelo umsebenzi wokuxhasa ngemali.Emva kwenyanga, ngoJuni, izixhobo ze-shopbot zasungula iphulo (likwaphumelele) kumatshini ophathwayo we-CNC obizwa ngokuba yi-handbot, eyilelwe ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwiwebhusayithi yomsebenzi.Umgangatho ophambili waba matshini mabini kukuba isoftware ehamba kunye - enye iplan kunye ne-fabmo - yenzelwe ukuba ibe yinkqubo enembile kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa ye-WYSIWYG, ngokulandelanayo, ukwenzela ukuba abaphulaphuli ababanzi banokusebenzisa ukusetyenzwa kwe-CNC.Ngokucacileyo, njengoko inkxaso yezi projekthi zimbini ingqina, uluntu lulungele olu hlobo lokutsha.

Isibambo esimthubi esiqaqambileyo se-Handibot sibhengeza ukuphatheka kwayo.

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Umzila oqhubekayo ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwi-desktop

Ukusukela oko umatshini wokuqala wasetyenziswa kurhwebo ngo-2013, intshukumo yokwenziwa kwedijithali yedesktop iye yaphuculwa.Oomatshini bokugaya i-CNC ngoku baquka zonke iintlobo zoomatshini be-CNC ukusuka kwiifektri ukuya kwii-desktops, ukusuka kumatshini wokugoba ucingo ukuya koomatshini bokunitha, oomatshini bokwenza i-vacuum, oomatshini bokusika ijethi yamanzi, oomatshini bokusika i-laser, njl.

Iindidi zezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ezikhutshelwe kwiindibano zocweyo zasefektri ukuya kwii-desktops zikhula ngokuthe ngcembe.

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Injongo yophuhliso lwebhubhoratri yeFab, eyazalelwa eMIT, kukwazisa ngoomatshini bokwenza idijithali abanamandla kodwa ababiza imali eninzi, ukuxhobisa iingqondo ezikrelekrele ngezixhobo, nokuzisa izimvo zabo kwihlabathi elibonakalayo.Ngabantu abanamava kuphela abanokufumana iingcali ezidlulileyo ngezi zixhobo.Ngoku, inguqu yokwenziwa kwedesktop iqhubela phambili le ndlela, ukusuka kwiilebhu zeFab ukuya kwiindibano zocweyo zobuqu, ngokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko ngelixa ugcina ukuchaneka kobuchwephesha.

Njengoko lo mzila uqhubeka, kukho uphuhliso olutsha olunomdla ekudibaniseni ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) kwimveliso yedesktop kunye noyilo lwedijithali.Indlela olu phuhliso luqhubeka ngayo nokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kusaza kubonakala, kodwa sisuka kude ukusuka kwixesha leekhomputha ezinobungakanani begumbi kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa ezinamandla ezibotshelelwe ngokupheleleyo kumaziko amakhulu kunye neenkampani.Amandla ngoku asezandleni zethu.


Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-19-2022