Ukuza kuthi ga ngeminyaka yee-1950, idatha yokusebenza komatshini we-CNC ubukhulu becala yayivela kumakhadi epunch, awayeveliswe ikakhulu ngeenkqubo zemanuwali ezinzima. Inguquko ekuphuhlisweni kwe-CNC kukuba xa ikhadi litshintshwa kulawulo lwekhompyutheni, libonisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutheni, kunye noyilo oluncediswa yikhompyutheni (i-CAD) kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa i-computer (CAM). Ukusetyenzwa kuye kwaba sesinye sezicelo zokuqala zetekhnoloji yekhompyuter yanamhlanje.
Nangona injini yokuhlalutya eyaphuhliswa nguCharles Babbage phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1800 ithathwa njengeyona khompyutha yokuqala ngokwengqiqo yanamhlanje, iMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) isivunguvungu sekhompyutha sexesha lokwenyani (ekwazalelwa kwilabhoratri yoomatshini be-servo) ikhompyuter yokuqala yehlabathi enecomputing ehambelanayo kunye nenkumbulo engundoqo yemagnethi (njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi). Iqela lakwazi ukusebenzisa umatshini ukuze ikhowudi imveliso elawulwa yikhompyutha tape enemingxuma. Umamkeli wokuqala wasebenzisa malunga ne-5000 yeetyhubhu zokufunxa kwaye inobunzima obumalunga neepounds ezingama-20000.
Inkqubela ecothayo yophuhliso lwekhompyuter ngeli xesha yayiyinxalenye yengxaki ngelo xesha. Ngaphandle koko, abantu abazama ukuthengisa le ngcamango abayazi ngokwenene imveliso - ziingcali zekhompyutha. Ngelo xesha, ingcamango ye-NC yayingaqhelekanga kubavelisi kangangokuba ukuphuhliswa kobu buchwepheshe kwakucotha kakhulu ngelo xesha, ngoko ke uMkhosi wase-US ekugqibeleni kwafuneka uvelise oomatshini be-120 NC kwaye ubaqeshise kubavelisi abahlukeneyo ukuba baqalise ukuvakalisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo. .
Ishedyuli ye-Evolution ukusuka kwi-NC ukuya kwi-CNC
Phakathi koo-1950:Ikhowudi ye-G, olona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu lwe-NC, yazalwa kwi-servo mechanism Laboratory yaseMassachusetts Institute of technology. Ikhowudi ye-G isetyenziselwa ukuxelela izixhobo zoomatshini bekhompyutha indlela yokwenza into. Umyalelo uthunyelwa kumlawuli womatshini, othi emva koko uxelele imotor isantya sokuhamba kunye nendlela emayilandele.
1956:umkhosi womoya ucetywe ukwenza ulwimi lwenkqubo jikelele yolawulo lwamanani. Isebe elitsha lophando lwe-MIT, elikhokelwa nguDoug Ross kwaye libizwa ngokuba yiComputer Applications Group, laqala ukufunda isindululo kunye nokuphuhlisa into kamva eyaziwa ngokuba lulwimi lwenkqubo olucwangcisiweyo ngokuzenzekelayo (APT).
1957:umbutho woshishino lweenqwelomoya kunye nesebe lomkhosi womoya libambisene neMIT ukulinganisa umsebenzi we-apt kwaye lenze umatshini wokuqala osemthethweni we-CNC. I-Apt, eyenziwe ngaphambi kokuveliswa kwe-interface yomzobo kunye ne-FORTRAN, isebenzisa isicatshulwa kuphela ukudlulisa ijometri kunye neendlela zesixhobo kumatshini wokulawula amanani (NC). (inguqulelo yamva yabhalwa kwi-FORTRAN, kwaye i-apt yakhululwa ekugqibeleni kwintsimi yoluntu.
1957:ngelixa esebenza kwi-General Electric, isazi sekhompyutha saseMelika uPatrick J. Hanratty waphuhlisa waza wakhulula ulwimi lokuqala lwe-NC yorhwebo ebizwa ngokuba yiPronto, eyabeka isiseko seenkqubo ze-CAD zexesha elizayo kwaye yamphumelela isihloko esingekho sikweni "soyise we-cad / cam".
"Ngomhla we-11 kuMatshi, i-1958, kwazalwa ixesha elitsha lokuvelisa imveliso. Ngokokuqala ngqa kwimbali yokuvelisa, oomatshini abaninzi bokuvelisa nge-elektroniki basebenza ngaxeshanye njengomgca wemveliso odityanisiweyo. Aba matshini babephantse bengahoywa, kwaye ba bekwazi ukubhola, ukugrumba, ukungqusha, kunye nokudlulisa iindawo ezingabalulekanga phakathi koomatshini.
1959:Iqela le-MIT libambe inkomfa yeendaba ukubonisa izixhobo zabo zomatshini we-CNC ezisanda kuphuhliswa.
1959:umkhosi womoya usayine isivumelwano sonyaka omnye kunye ne-MIT electronic systems laboratory ukuphuhlisa "iprojekthi yoyilo lwekhompyutha". Isiphumo soyilo lwenkqubo yobunjineli obuzisebenzelayo (AED) yakhululwa kwindawo yoluntu ngo-1965.
1959:IGeneral Motors (GM) yaqalisa ukufunda into eyathi kamva yabizwa ngokuba yi-computer enhanced design (DAC-1), eyayiyenye yeenkqubo zokuqala zegraphic CAD. Kunyaka olandelayo, bazisa i-IBM njengeqabane. Imizobo inokuskenwa kwisixokelelwano, esiyenza ibe yidijithali kwaye inokuguqulwa. Ke, enye isoftware inokuguqula imigca ibe yimilo ye-3D kwaye iyikhuphe ukuze ikwazi ukuthumela kumatshini wokungqusha. I-DAC-1 yafakwa kwimveliso ngo-1963 kwaye yenziwa ukuba ibonakale esidlangalaleni ngo-1964.
1962:umzobo wokuqala we-CAD inkqubo ye-electronic plotter (EDM) ephuhliswe yi-itek, unokontraka wokhuselo wase-US, yasungulwa. Ifunyenwe yi-data corporation yolawulo, i-mainframe kunye nenkampani ye-supercomputer, kwaye yabizwa ngokuba yi-digigraphy. Ekuqaleni yayisetyenziswe yi-Lockheed kunye nezinye iinkampani ukuvelisa iinxalenye zemveliso ye-C-5 Galaxy yeenqwelo-moya zokuthutha umkhosi, ebonisa imeko yokuqala yenkqubo yokuvelisa i-cad / cnc ekupheleni.
Umagazini we-Time ngelo xesha wabhala inqaku kwi-EDM ngo-Matshi, i-1962, kwaye yabonisa ukuba idizayini yomqhubi yangena kwikhompyutheni encinci nge-console, enokusombulula iingxaki kunye nokugcina iimpendulo kwifom yedijithali kunye ne-microfilm kwilayibrari yayo yememori. Cinezela nje iqhosha uze udwebe umzobo ngepeni yokukhanya, kwaye injineli inokungena kwingxoxo eqhubayo kunye ne-EDM, khumbula nayiphi na imizobo yakhe yokuqala kwisikrini ngaphakathi kwe-millisecond, kwaye utshintshe imigca kunye neengqungquthela ngokuthanda.
U-Ivan Sutherland ufunda i-TX-2
Umzobo weSchematic of highlighter
Ngelo xesha, abayili oomatshini nabombane babefuna isixhobo sokukhawulezisa umsebenzi onzima nodla ixesha ababedla ngokuwenza. Ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno, u-Ivan E. Sutherland weSebe lobunjineli bombane kwi-MIT wenza inkqubo yokwenza iikhomputha zedijithali iqabane elisebenzayo labaqulunqi.
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zifumana i-traction kunye nokuthandwa
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960, ukuvela kweekhomputha ezincinci ezifikelelekayo zatshintsha imithetho yomdlalo kwishishini. Enkosi kwi-transistor entsha kunye neteknoloji yememori engundoqo, aba matshini banamandla bathatha indawo encinci kakhulu kunemigangatho ye-mainframes esetyenzisiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Iikhompyuter ezincinci, ezaziwa ngokuba ziikhompyuter eziphakathi ngelo xesha, ngokwendalo zinexabiso elifikelelekayo, zikhulula kwizithintelo zeenkampani zangaphambili okanye imikhosi, kunye nokunikezela ngokuchaneka, ukuthembeka kunye nokuphindaphinda kwiinkampani ezincinci, amashishini.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-microcomputers ziyi-8-bit yomsebenzisi omnye, oomatshini abalula abasebenzisa iinkqubo zokusebenza ezilula (ezifana ne-MS-DOS), ngelixa iikhomputha ezincinci ziyi-16 bit okanye i-32-bit. Iinkampani zeGroundbreaking ziquka uDec, idatha jikelele, kunye neHewlett Packard (HP) (ngoku ibhekisela kwiikhomputha zayo zangaphambili ezincinci, ezifana ne-HP3000, njenge "servers").
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, ukukhula okucothayo koqoqosho kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zengqesho kwenza ukuba umatshini we-CNC ubukeke njengesisombululo esilungileyo nesineendleko, kwaye imfuno yezixhobo zoomatshini benkqubo ye-NC yanda. Nangona abaphandi baseMelika begxininise kumashishini aphakamileyo afana nesofthiwe kunye ne-aerospace, iJamani (ehlanganiswe neJapan kwiminyaka ye-1980) igxile kwiimarike eziphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi kwaye idlula i-United States ekuthengisweni koomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, kukho uluhlu lweenkampani ze-American CAD kunye nababoneleli, kuquka i-UGS Corp., i-computervision, i-applicon kunye ne-IBM.
Kwiminyaka ye-1980, ngokuhla kweendleko ze-hardware ezisekelwe kwi-microprocessors kunye nokuvela kwenethiwekhi yendawo yendawo (LAN), inethiwekhi yekhompyutheni edibeneyo nabanye, iindleko kunye nokufikeleleka kwezixhobo zomatshini ze-CNC nazo zavela. Kwisiqingatha sokugqibela seminyaka yee-1980, iikhomputha ezincinci kunye neetheminali ezinkulu zekhompyuter zatshintshwa ziindawo zokusebenzela ezinxibeleleneyo, iiseva zefayile kunye neekhompyuter zobuqu (PCS), ngaloo ndlela zisusa oomatshini be-CNC beeyunivesithi kunye neenkampani ezizifakile ngokwesiko (kuba zizo zodwa). iikhompyutha ezibizayo ezikwaziyo ukuzikhapha).
Ngo-1989, iZiko leSizwe lemigangatho kunye nobuchwepheshe phantsi kweSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US lenze iprojekthi yokulawula umatshini ephuculweyo (EMC2, kamva yabizwa ngokuba linuxcnc), eyinkqubo yesoftware ye-gnu/linux evulelekileyo esebenzisa ikhompyuter yenjongo ngokubanzi ukulawula i-CNC. oomatshini. I-Linuxcnc ivula indlela yekamva lobuqu lwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, ezisezizicelo ezingoovulindlela kwicandelo le-computing.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-19-2022